小作文心法（静态 / 动态 / 分词短语）
定位：你是一个写报告的人——写给没有这张图的上司看。上司很忙：要简短 + 精准 + 概括。TA（任务完成度）= 不漏掉关键特征。
一、两种图两种写法
- 静态图（一个时间点）：写数据 + 分组（相同特征一起说）
- 动态图（多个年份）：起始数据 → 趋势（增/减/平稳）→ 时间节点
二、说数据的动词家族
| 方法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| stood at（立于） | Nuclear generation stood at roughly 60 TWh in 1980 |
| was / produced | Electricity produced by thermal power was 120 TWh |
| under / below（低于） | produced under 70 TWh |
| 区间 between…and | fluctuated between 50 and 70 TWh |
| 两个数字加 each | Nuclear and hydroelectric power each produced under 70 TWh |
| 增加 soar/surge/rise to | surged to 430 TWh by 2005 |
| 减少 fall/drop to | fell to 50 TWh |
| 对比 exceed / overtake | In 1985 nuclear overtook thermal as the primary source |
三、句子压缩术（两个句子拧成一个信息链）
- 主语替换：The chart shows how frequently people… → 主语用 % of people：60% of people in the US ate in fast-food restaurants between once and four times a month in each year.
- 逗号 + while 对比：15% reported eating several times per week, while 3-4% ate in outlets daily at the other end of the scale.
- 分词短语挂数据：Thermal power was the main source, generating around 120 TWh.／Electricity generated by nuclear power…
- 介词短语压缩：4% of Americans avoided eating in fast-food restaurants（= don't eat fast food）
四、完整示范
静态（fast food 2003-2013）
The chart shows how frequently people in the USA ate in fast-food restaurants between 2003 and 2013. Close to 60% of people in the US ate in fast-food restaurants between once and four times a month in each year. Roughly 15% to 20% of Americans reported eating in fast-food restaurants several times a week, while 3% to 4% of people ate in outlets daily at the other end of the scale. At the same time, 4% of Americans avoided eating in fast-food restaurants. Overall, the frequency of eating at fast-food restaurants was steady across the decade.
动态（France electricity 1980-2005）
The line graph compares the amount of electricity produced in France using four different sources of power. It is clear that nuclear power was the most important means of electricity generation over the period shown. Nuclear generation started at 60 TWh in 1980, and then surged to 430 TWh by 2005. Thermal output began at a higher point of 120 TWh, but fell to 50 TWh over the next twenty years. Hydroelectric production fluctuated between roughly 50 and 90 TWh, while renewables provided a negligible amount, never exceeding 50 TWh.
五、非谓语动词三兄弟（信息挂件）
| 形式 | 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 现在分词 doing | 进行 / 主动 / 伴随 | I lie on my sofa, scrolling through TikTok. |
| 现在分词短语 | 结果 | …, making the space look like a command center |
| 过去分词 done | 被动 | electricity generated by thermal power |
| 过去分词短语 | 后置定语 | a plan agreed upon by both parties |
完整句子 + 挂（分词短语）＝一句话装两个动作；非谓语不能单独做谓语，但能当定语/状语，是"信息压缩器"。